And the color of the fabric in
gingivitis
1. Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums, often causing tissue become red and swollen to bleed easily, and sometimes to become a little tender.
2. Inflammation leads to increase in blood flow to the gums, causing tissue appear bright red. Figures 13-5 13-6 and to see examples of typical clinical symptoms of gingivitis.
B tissue contour (size and shape), gingivitis
This is important for clinicians to recognize the emergence of healthy gums and identify any deviations in health. In addition, clinicians should be able to describe the gums exactly when documenting results of
periodontal evaluation.
1. The fabric color and contour health
And The Color Of The Fabric
1. Healthy gum tissue, uniform, pink. A shade of pink depends on the number and size of blood vessels and the density of gingival epithelium.
A. Smoking cessation and prevention of periodontal disease
1. Smoking can be a cause of more than half of the cases of periodontal disease among adults in the United States.
2. The knowledge that Smoking is a significant risk factor suggests that smokers, quitting Smoking can prevent periodontal disease than daily plaque biofilm control self-care. All patients should be screened for the status of Smoking and smokers should be provided Smoking cessation counseling. Examples of consultation are presented in boxes 11-1 for 11-3.
1. The effects of
Smoking on the Periodontium. There were several publications in periodontal literature specially to solve the problems of the impact of Smoking on the periodontium, most likely because of the common problems in motivation to quit Smoking. Most studies on the effect of
Smoking on the periodontal were either cross-sectional study of periodontal status in current smokers, former smokers and non-smokers or a prospective cohort study.
1. It is well documented that tobacco smoke and its constituents can prevent neutrophils (PMN) and monocyte-macrophage defensive functions [44-52].
2. In PMN is the first line of defense in the periodontal tissues.
a. The normal passage of PMN from the vessel in periodontal tissues consists of several steps, including capture, rolling, adhesion, and resettlement through the vessel wall, in the connective tissue.
A. Decreases Inflammation
1. The development of inflammation suppressed smokers with a smaller number of sites to show redness or bleeding on probing [41].
2. Smokers to be less gingivitis with less inflamed marginal tissue [7,15,41,42]. Typical clinical picture smoker gum tissue exhibits a relatively small inflammation of the gums and the trend towards more fibrous appearance with a small swelling. Despite the appearance of clinical, deep pockets, attachment loss and bone loss are common.
A. Types Of Microorganisms Hypothesis. One hypothesis about the role of tobacco Smoking in the development of
periodontal diseases is that, when compared with nonsmokers, smokers harbor different types of bacteria in the plaque biofilm.
1. Several studies have shown that smokers harbor more species of microorganisms that are associated with gum disease than non-smokers.
There are several theories explaining why smokers have more periodontal than non-smokers. These theories assume exposure to the bacteria in plaque biofilm, immune response, healing, and response to treatment (Fig. 11-3) [29-31].
And cigarettes, cigars, and smoke a pipe. Most of the evidence about tobacco
to use as a
risk factor for periodontal disease from Smoking cigarettes; however,
cigars and pipes to use also are significant risk factors for attachment loss [1-14,28].
Epidemiological research, clinical trials and animal studies consistently indicate that periodontal disease is multifactorial etiology. Specific risk factors change the sensitivity of the receiving periodontal infection and affect the severity of the disease. In the last 30 years, there is a growing understanding of the role of tobacco severity of periodontal disease. It seems that Smoking can be one of the most significant risk factors in the development and
progression of periodontal disease. (Fig. 11-1).
In the United States, approximately 25% of adults smoke cigarettes.
In the canadian tobacco monitoring results for 2001, 22% of the population aged 15 years and older identified themselves as smokers.